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Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26223430     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v4i1.42852
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering (EJChE) publishes communication articles, original research articles and review articles in :. Material Development Biochemical Process Exploration and Optimization Chemical Education Chemical Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Designing, Modeling, and Process Optimization Energy and Conversion Technology Thermodynamics Process System Engineering and products Membrane Technology Food Technology Bioprocess Technology Chemurgy Technology Waste Treatment Technology Separation and Purification Technology Natural Dyes Technology
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First" : 10 Documents clear
Regeneration of Spent Nickel Catalyst via Hydrometallurgical Method Fransisca Poppy Amelia; Erica Puspita Sari; Hafiz Norman; Muhammad Alhadilansa Salsabil; Cornelius Satria Yudha
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.74492

Abstract

Abstract. Nickel Catalyst is one of the common catalysts found in chemical industries. However, this catalyst has a limited lifetime indicated by having performance or activity drop so it is potentially become dangerous waste if the handling is not proper. The spent nickel catalyst needs to be processed to recover and avoid pollution towards the environment. The Hydrometallurgy method is a proper method to process nickel catalyst waste. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristic of a regenerated nickel catalyst when it is treated with HCl and H2SO4 as the lixiviant. In this research, the spent nickel catalyst was treated with HCl and H2SO4 in the presence of 2% H2O2 reductant under room conditions and mixing rate at 200 rpm for 30 minutes of reaction. The leaching filtrate was precipitated using NaOH solution while the formed precipitate was heated at 800 °C for 3 hours. The regenerated catalyst was characterized using FTIR and SEM-EDX. The SEM images showed regenerated catalyst prepared using the HCl solution has a different morphology compared to the one using the H2SO4 solution. Based on FTIR analysis, both samples exhibit Ni-O and C-O groups. Based on elemental analysis, the highest nickel concentration was obtained by using HCl with a Ni content of 25.98%w/w, compare to sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with a Ni content of 10.94%w/w. The Ni content can be improved by the addition of a washing step after the sintering process.Keywords:Hydrometallurgy Nickel Catalyst, Waste, Leaching, Sintering
Validation of Methylene Blue Analysis Method in Wastewater Samples by Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry Mentik Hulupi; Keryanti Keryanti; Karina Aulia Rahmawati; Widya Tresna Dewi; Fauzi Abdilah
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.75807

Abstract

Abstract. Methylene blue (MB) is an extensively utilized cationic dye in the textile industry. MB is, however, a highly noxious substance that can have detrimental effects on both the environment and human health. MB can pollute waterways and cause the mortality of aquatic organisms in the environment. Due to the hazards posed by MB, it is crucial to have an effective method for analyzing its concentration in wastewater. This will ensure that MB-contaminated water is appropriately treated and disposed of, thereby protecting the environment and human health. One of the analyses utilized the Evolution 360 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer to determine methylene blue concentrations. The Evolution 360 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method was validated by measuring linearity tests, limit detection and quantization, precision, and accuracy. The R-value for linearity measurements is greater than 0.99, indicating that the method is proportionally validated. As required, the precision measurement yields acceptable results, with a %RSD value of less than 2%, and the accuracy measurement yields a recovery of 100% (between 80 and 110%). So that the method for measuring the concentration of methylene blue in water using the UV-Vis Evolution 360 Spectrophotometer satisfies the requirements for linearity, precision, and accuracy.Keywords:Analysis, Methylene Blue, Method Validation, Spectrophotometer
The Conversion of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Stem Waste into Activated Carbon by the Pyrolysis Method Using ZnCl2 Activator Natasya Dian Andini; Yuliana Prasetiyani; Fisafillah Al Mumtahinah; Cornelius Satria Yudha; Bintari Astika
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.74478

Abstract

Abstract. The use of activated carbon in Indonesia is expanding along with the increasing demand for activated carbon. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to search for raw materials and methods for producing activated carbon to produce high-quality activated carbon. Sorghum stalk (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is used as a new precursor for the formation of activated carbon by utilizing a ZnCl2 activator followed by pyrolysis in a furnace with a temperature of 800°C. This study aims to determine the effect of drying and the concentration of activator agents on activated carbon production. The ZnCl2 activator concentrations used were 15% and 30%. The results showed that the activated carbon obtained through the withdrawal process with a ZnCl2 concentration of 30% had the highest carbon content, namely 100%. Test results with FTIR spectroscopy showed that the activated carbon samples had groups (C-H), (O-H), (C≡C), (C=O), (C=C), and (C-O). In addition, the SEM test results showed that the surface of the activated carbon formed had many pores. With the presence of activated carbon from sorghum stem waste, it is hoped that this product can reduce the contaminants contained in wastewater.Keywords: Activation, Activated Carbon, Waste, Pyrolysis, Sorghum, ZnCl2
Adsorption of Ammonia in Wastewater Using Hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes) Powder with The Assistance of Bio Balls M. Ilham Nurdin; Arifah Sukasri; Jeanne Dewi Damayanti
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.76073

Abstract

Abstract. Water pollution can be caused by the discharge of domestic wastewater containing contaminants. Ammonia is a water pollutant that has a bad impact because it can cause an unpleasant pungent odor and can inhibit or stop the growth of aquatic organisms because it interferes with oxygen binding, changes pH and affects enzymatic reactions and membrane stability in aquatic organisms. This research treats domestic wastewater contaminated with ammonia by means of adsorption using water hyacinth powder. In order to reduce ammonia contaminants in domestic wastewater. This study used a quantitative method which included the acclimatization stage, preliminary test, water hyacinth powder production, adsorption process, ammonia content analysis. The results showed that the use of water hyacinth powder in the most efficient adsorption process was 8 grams of water hyacinth powder and 60 bioballs in 10 liters of wastewater with a decrease in ammonia content of 93.47% for 24 hours. With the bioremediation process ratio, the ammonia content in wastewater can be reduced from 4.810 ppm to 0.314 ppm. Keywords:Adsorption, Domestic Wastewater, Ammonia, Water Hyacinth Powder
Encapsulation of Rice Bran Oil (RBO) by Complex Coacervation Using Glutaraldehyde as Crosslinking Agent Fadilah Fadilah; Elfira Diah Ayu Febriani; Elvina Kurniasari; Refanza Nurfikhri; Tiurmasi Saulina Sirait
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.77651

Abstract

Abstract. Rice bran is a significant by-product of the processing of rice, and rice bran oil (RBO) can be extracted from it to provide a very valuable product. It has a high smoke point but is less stable in the heating process. Further research is carried out to increase the stability of Rice Bran Oil in its utilization. Many environmentally friendly methods are being developed in storing and packaging food, including the application of microencapsulation. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of glutaraldehyde crosslinking agent on rice bran oil microencapsulation by utilizing the natural polymers of kappa carrageenan, glucomannan, and chitosan as encapsulants using the coacervation method. Microcapsules were analyzed for their encapsulation efficiency and yield and were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Results show that increasing the amount of glutaraldehyde tends to increase the yield and efficiency of encapsulation. A yield of 49.20% was obtained by adding 1 mL of glutaraldehyde with an encapsulation efficiency of 48.22%. All samples have irregular shapes and the surfaces were rough and folded. FTIR spectra show that all samples indicated the presence of RBO as well as other polymers used in the research: carrageenan, chitosan, and glucomannan.  The results of PSA show that particles are in micron size except for the addition of 1 mL glutaraldehyde.Keywords:Rice Bran Oil. Glutaraldehyde, Complex Coacervation
Optimization of Heat Transfer Area and Steam Requirement in Multiple Effects Evaporator for Concentration of Juice in Sugar Factory Suratno Lourentius; Aning Ayucitra
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.73569

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In maintaining the existence of sugar factories that are still actively operating in Indonesia, efforts should be made to intensify sugar production and/or extensify sugarcane plantations. In terms of the intensification of the process, it is necessary to periodically evaluate the performance of process equipment, especially those that require utilities so that the process is effective and efficient. The process of making sugar passes through six stages, namely: milling, purification, evaporation, cooking, screening, and packaging as the final stage. The evaporation process is a crucial process that determines the success of the entire process because the sugar solution is concentrated from 11% to 64%. The evaporator was designed to use a multiple-effect evaporator to increase the value of steam economy. The objective of this research was to optimize the process condition that requires a minimum total cost at PT. XYZ, a sugar factory. Sugar solution /juice concentration at feed, temperature of feed, and number of effects were variables studied in this research. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to survey the sugar factory to obtain the necessary data. Furthermore, a mathematical model was compiled based on the principle of mass and heat balance and then an Excel-Goal Seek program was used to carry out an accurate optimization. To conclude, for a mass flow rate of 125,000 kg/h with a concentration of 11% sugar solution and a feed temperature of 100oC, the optimum conditions were obtained by employing a quadruple effect evaporator with a minimum annual production cost of IDR 22,090,361,779.00 at PT. XYZ. The optimum conditions obtained were as follows: total evaporator area = 2,443.81 m2, steam economy = 3.98, and steam demand = 26,028.2 kg/h. A quadruple effect evaporator is commonly utilized in sugar factories in Indonesia.Keywords:Intensification, Sugar Solution, Number of Effects, Optimization, Steam Economy
Synthesis of Water Hyacinth/Cassava Starch Composite as An Environmentally Friendly Plastic Solution M. Mahfudz Fauzi Syamsuri; Hasan Marzuki; Dedi Wahyu Ari Setiawan; Rusmaniar Rusmaniar; Tri Astika
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.76508

Abstract

Abstract. Conventional plastics made from petroleum polymers were the largest contributor to solid waste on earth. Environmentally friendly bioplastic fabricated by compositing starch and natural fibers were proposed to be a solution to this problem. The purpose of this research was to synthesize bioplastic from water hyacinth fiber composite with cassava starch and test its mechanical properties. Bioplastic fabrication was using melt intercalation method using water hyacinth fibers (WHF) with and without alkali treatment mixed with cassava starch (CS) and glycerol as plasticizer. The resulting bioplastic were characterized with FT-IR and tested for mechanical properties. The mechanical test results showed that water hyacinth fiber alkaline treated/cassava starch (WHF-AT/CS) bioplastic has tensile strength, % elongation, and water absorption values of 1.226 MPa, 3.33%, and 10.26%, respectively. While the bioplastic water hyacinth fiber untreated/cassava starch (WHF-UT/CS) has a tensile strength test value, % elongation, and water absorption of 0.306 MPa, 1.67%, and 11.39, respectively.  Therefore it can be said that WHF-AT/CS bioplastic has better mechanical properties when compared to WHF-UT/CS bioplastic.Keywords:Biocomposite, Bioplastic, Cassava Starch, Water Hyacinth Fiber
The Study Utilization of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel Extract as a Gel-Based Burn Wound Plaster Kalimaya Qolbi Sani; Paulina Paulina; Priyanka Khansa Insyira
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.76952

Abstract

The industry in Indonesia is currently experiencing significant development dominated by workers in the informal sector. During the business/production processes, problems are often encountered, leading to injuries or wounds. Burn wound are caused by heat sources such as fire, electricity, hazardous chemicals, and radiation. One natural substance with the potential to be used as an alternative treatment for burn wound is mangosteen peel. Mangosteen peel contains active biochemical compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, xanthones, and alkaloid derivatives, which have anti-inflammatory effects that can aid in the wound healing process by promoting collagen formation. Additionally, the presence of saponins in mangosteen peel makes it antibacterial. This research aims to explore the potential of mangosteen peel patches in the healing of burn injuries often experienced by informal industrial workers. The research method used secondary data through a literature review study. Article searches were conducted using keywords such as 'wound' and 'mangosteen peel.' Through the analysis of 10 articles, it was found that mangosteen peel has great potential to be utilized as a mangosteen peel patch, with a wound healing percentage of up to 83% over 21 days at an optimum concentration of 15%. The availability of patches made from mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) is expected to assist informal workers or UMKM in addressing burn wound they may encounter during work while also helping to utilize waste that would otherwise go unused.Keywords: Biochemical compounds, Burn wound, Informal Sector, Mangosteen Peel, Plaster
Biogas Purification by Adsorption Method Using Activated Carbon and Zeolite Adsorbents Fitrah Fourqoniah; Leila Kalsum; Selastia Yulianti
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.77835

Abstract

Abstract. Biogas is an alternative energy that is formed from the fermentation of organic matter in gaseous form. Biogas consists of several gas mixtures with the main components methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with a small amount of steam. Biogas is an alternative technology that produces environmentally friendly, cheap and renewable fuel because it comes from biomass, organic liquid waste, food scraps, organic waste, leaves and animal manure resulting from the fermentation process. This study aims to purify biogas by adsorption method using activated carbon and zeolite adsorbents to obtain optimal methane gas by varying the biogas flow rate and the amount of adsorbent composition. Variation in the ratio of the amount of adsorbent (activated carbon: zeolite) is 0%:100%, 30%:70%, 50%:50%, 70%:30%, 100%:0% and the flow rate variation used is 0.2 liter/minute, 0.4 liter/minute, and 0.6 liter/minute. From the purification results, an analysis of the gas content contained in the biogas was carried out using a gas analyzer. The results showed that the best flow rate was the smallest flow rate, which was 0.2 liter/minute, and the best variation in the amount of adsorbent was 0%:100% adsorbent (activated carbon: zeolite) with 81.40% methane content.Keywords:Biogas, Activated Carbon, Zeolie, Adsorption, Purification,
Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Membranes from Kepok Banana Stem (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) For Microfiltration Process Fitria Nur Anissa; Selastia Yuliati; Adi Syakdani
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 7, No 2 (2023): Volume 7, No 2 December 2023-- Online First
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v7i2.78825

Abstract

Abstract. Membrane is a separation technology between permeate and feed. The challenge in applying this technology is related to the ingredients that can cause fouling. Cellulose acetate membrane is a porous membrane as a solution to overcome fouling problems.The selectivity level of cellulose acetate membranes in the microfiltration process for water and wastewater treatment is very high. Utilization of kepok banana frond waste as an alternative material for making cellulose acetate membranes that are biodegradable, can be decomposed quickly by microorganisms with a limited shelf life. The aim of this research is to  apply cellulose acetate membranes from kepok banana fronds for the microfiltration process in water and wastewater treatment with varying concentrations of acetone using the phase inversion method. The cellulose content contained in the kepok banana fronds is 54.3%. The composition for making the membrane is 2 gr cellulose acetate; PVA 20 ml; and PEG 1.7 ml with various concentrations of acetone 15, 20 and 25 ml. The results of the SEM test of the membrane with a concentration of 25 ml of acetone solvent had the best characteristics with a pore size of 0.0932 μm; thickness of 1.778 mm and swelling index of 9.87%. The highest average flux value was owned by the membrane with a concentration of 20 ml, namely 71.3444 l/m2.hour The lowest flux value was owned by the membrane with a concentration of 25 ml, namely 55.5549 l/m2.hour.Keywords:Membrane, Microfiltration, Cellulose Acetate, Banana Frond, Acetone

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